Daniel Hale Williams, Heart Surgery Pioneer

Daniel Hale Williams, Heart Surgery Pioneer American physician Daniel Hale Williams (January 18, 1856- August 4, 1931), a pioneer in the field of medicine, was the first African American to perform successful open heart surgery. Dr. Williams also founded Chicagos Provident Hospital and co-founded the National Medical Association. Fast Facts: Dr. Daniel Hale Williams Full Name: Daniel Hale Williams, IIIBorn: January 18, 1856 in Hollidaysburg, PennsylvaniaDied: August 4, 1931 in Idlewild, MichiganParents: Daniel Hale Williams, II and Sarah Price WilliamsSpouse: Alice Johnson (m. 1898-1924)Education: M.D. from Chicago Medical College (now Northwestern University Medical School)Key Accomplishments: First African American to perform successful open heart surgery, founder of Provident Hospital (the first  black owned and operated interracial hospital in the U.S.), and co-founder of the National Medical Association. Early Years Daniel Hale Williams, III, was born on January 18, 1856 to Daniel Hale and Sarah Price Williams in Hollidaysburg, Pennsylvania. His father was a barber and the family, including Daniel and his six siblings, moved to Annapolis, Maryland, when Daniel was a young boy. Shortly after the move, his father died from tuberculosis and his mother moved the family to Baltimore, Maryland. Daniel became a shoemakers apprentice for a while and later moved to Wisconsin, where he became a barber. After graduating from high school, Daniel grew interested in medicine and served as an apprentice to a well known local surgeon, Dr. Henry Palmer. This apprenticeship lasted two years, and then Daniel was accepted to the Chicago Medical College, affiliated with Northwestern University. He graduated in 1883 with an M.D. degree. Career and Accomplishments Dr. Daniel Hale Williams began practicing medicine and surgery at Chicagos South Side Dispensary. He was also the first African American anatomy instructor at Chicago Medical College, where he taught notable future physicians such as Mayo Clinics co-founder Charles Mayo. By 1889, other notable appointments for Dr. Williams included the City Railway Company, the Protestant Orphan Asylum, and the Illinois State Board of Health. These were very unique accomplishments for the time, considering that there were very few black doctors at this point in African American history. Dr. Williams gained a reputation as a highly skilled surgeon whose practice included treatment for all patients, regardless of race. This was life-saving for African Americans at the time because they were not allowed admittance to hospitals. African American doctors were not allowed on staff in hospitals either. In 1890, a friend of Dr. Williams asked him for help as his sister was being denied entrance into nursing school because she was black. In 1891, Dr. Williams founded the Provident Hospital and Nursing Training School. This was the first  black owned and operated interracial hospital in the U.S. and served as a training ground for nurses and African American doctors. First Open Heart Surgery In 1893, Dr. Williams gained notoriety for successfully treating a man, James Cornish, with stab wounds to the heart. Although physicians at the time were aware of the revolutionary works of Louis Pastuer and Joseph Lister in relation to germs and medical surgery, open heart surgery was generally avoided due to the high risk of infection and subsequent death. Williams had no access to X-rays, antibiotics, anesthetics, blood transfusions, or modern equipment. Employing Listers antiseptic technique, he performed the surgery suturing the pericardium (protective lining) of the heart. This would be the first successful heart surgery performed by an African American and second by an American doctor. In 1891, Henry C. Dalton had surgically repaired a pericardial wound of the heart on a patient in St. Louis. Later Years In 1894, Dr. Williams obtained the position of surgeon-in-chief at Freedmens Hospital in Washington, D.C. This hospital served the needs of the poor and newly freed slaves after the Civil War. In four years, Williams transformed the hospital, making dramatic improvements in the admission of surgical cases and drastically reducing the hospitals mortality rate. Dr. Daniel Hale Williams succeeded in the face of discrimination his entire life. In 1895, he co-founded the National Medical Association in response to the American Medical Associations denial of membership to blacks. The National Medical Association became the only national professional organization available for black physicians. In 1898, Williams resigned from Freedmens Hospital and married Alice Johnson, daughter of sculptor Moses Jacob Ezekiel. The newlyweds returned to Chicago, where Williams became chief of surgery at Provident Hospital. Death and Legacy After resigning from his position at Provident Hospital in 1912, Williams was appointed staff surgeon at St. Lukes Hospital in Chicago. Among his many honors, he was named the American College of Surgeons first black fellow. He remained at St. Lukes Hospital until suffering a stroke in 1926. Upon his retirement, Williams spent his remaining days in Idlewild, Michigan, where he died on August 4, 1931. Dr. Daniel Hale Williams would leave a legacy of greatness in the face of discrimination. He demonstrated that African Americans are no less intelligent or valuable than any other Americans. He saved many lives by establishing Provident Hospital and provided proficient medical care, and he also helped train a new generation of African American physicians and nurses. Sources Daniel Hale Willaims : Alumni Exhibit. Walter Dill Scott, University Archives, Northwestern University Library, Northwestern University Archives (NUL), exhibits.library.northwestern.edu/archives/exhibits/alumni/williams.html.Daniel Hale Williams. Biography.com, AE Networks Television, 19 Jan. 2018, www.biography.com/people/daniel-hale-williams-9532269.History - Dr. Daniel Hale Williams. The Provident Foundation, www.providentfoundation.org/index.php/history/history-dr-daniel-hale-williams.Nations Second Open-Heart Surgery Performed In Chicago 119 Years Ago. The Huffington Post, TheHuffingtonPost.com, 10 July 2017, www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/07/09/daniel-hale-williams-perf_n_1659949.html.

Get 10 Interesting Facts About Oxygen

Get 10 Interesting Facts About Oxygen Oxygen is one of the best-known gases on the planet, largely because it is so important for our physical survival. It is a crucial part of Earths atmosphere and hydrosphere, its used for medical purposes, and it has a profound effect on plants, animals, and metals. Facts About Oxygen Oxygen is atomic number 8 with the element symbol O. It was discovered by Carl Wilhelm Scheele in 1773, but he did not publish his work immediately, so credit is often given to Joseph Priestly in 1774.  Here are 10 interesting facts about the element oxygen. Animals and plants require oxygen for respiration. Plant photosynthesis drives the oxygen cycle, maintaining it around 21% in air.  While the gas is essential for life, too much of it can be toxic or lethal. Symptoms of oxygen poisoning include vision loss, coughing, muscle twitching, and seizures.  At normal pressure, oxygen poisoning occurs when the gas exceeds 50%.Oxygen gas is colorless, odorless, and tasteless.  Its usually purified by  fractional distillation of liquefied air, but the element is found in many compounds, such as water, silica, and carbon dioxide.Liquid and solid oxygen is pale blue.  At lower temperatures and higher pressures, oxygen changes its appearance from blue monoclinic crystals to orange, red, black, and even a metallic appearance.Oxygen is a nonmetal.  It has low thermal and electrical conductivity, but high electronegativity and ionization energy. The solid form is brittle rather than malleable or ductile. The atoms readily gain electrons a nd form covalent chemical bonds. Oxygen gas normally is the divalent molecule O2. Ozone, O3, is another form of pure oxygen.  Atomic oxygen, which is also called singlet oxygen does occur in nature, although the ion readily bonds to other elements. Singlet oxygen may be found in the upper atmosphere. A single atom of oxygen usually has an oxidation number of -2.Oxygen supports combustion.  However, it is not truly flammable!  It is considered an oxidizer. Bubbles of pure oxygen dont burn.Oxygen is paramagnetic, which means it is weakly attracted to a magnet but doesnt retain permanent magnetism.Approximately 2/3 of the mass of the human body is oxygen. This makes it the most abundant element, by mass, in the body.  Much of that oxygen is part of water, H2O. Although there are more hydrogen atoms in the body than oxygen atoms, they account for significantly less mass. Oxygen is also the most abundant element in the Earths crust (about 47% by mass) and the third most common element in the Universe. As stars bu rn hydrogen and helium, oxygen becomes more abundant. Excited oxygen is responsible for the bright red, green, and yellow-green colors of the aurora. Its the molecule of primary importance, as far as generating bright and colorful auroras.Oxygen was the atomic weight standard for the other elements until 1961 when it was replaced by carbon 12. Oxygen made a good choice for the standard before much was known about isotopes because although there are 3 natural isotopes of oxygen, most of it is oxygen-16. This is why the atomic weight of oxygen (15.9994) is so close to 16. About 99.76% of oxygen is oxygen-16.

Are immigrants valuable contributors to life in California or are they Essay

Are immigrants valuable contributors to life in California or are they not - Essay Example Immigrants are valuable contributors to life in California since they are vital in sustaining the economic prosperity of California through their labor supply and payment of taxes to the government (Bohn, 2005). Highly skilled immigrants have spearheaded California’s innovation economy as evidenced by companies such as Google and Qualcomm. The immigrants are more likely to establish businesses and create demand for the manufactured goods thus contributing to the economic life in California (Portes and Rumbaut, 2006). The immigrants have changed the ethnic and cultural composition of California population since Latinos and African Americans form a substantial part of Californian population. Immigrants are valuable contributors to economic, social and cultural life in California. Immigrants are valuable contributors to Californian economy since they have played a critical role in California economy for the last two centuries. About a third of immigrants are likely to start businesses and immigrants’ businesses account for about 5 million jobs across the US (Bohn, 2005). According to statistics, 36.6 percent of businesses in California were owned by immigrants and immigrant business owners contributed about 30 percent of the net business income in California. In addition, highly skilled immigrants have spearheaded innovations since 52 percent of the technological start-ups in Silicon Valley have at least one immigrant founder while global companies like Google and Yahoo are attributed to immigrants (Portes and Rumbaut, 2006). The immigrants contribute $ 30 billion in federal taxes and $ 5.2 billion in state income taxes. The purchasing power of immigrants is estimated at $ 310.5 billion. The immigrants have boosted earnings for Californian workers since more than half of the immigrants have a college degree (Portes and Rumbaut, 2006). Immigrants represent a

Analyse and Critically evaluate Human Factors when applied to a Case Essay

Analyse and Critically evaluate Human Factors when applied to a Case Study - Essay Example It was during September 11, 2001 a major catastrophe took place at the World Trade Center. The American Airlines Flight 587 collide also took place after two months of this assault. Various aspects such as the date, airline, location, eyewitness and time along with the aircraft size made people sceptic of the fact that the crash was another terrorist attempt. As per the Northeast Intelligence Network, Al-Qaeda listed that the crash was among one of its successes. Furthermore, the Canadian activist who was collaborating with authorities recommended that the fact that shoe bomb was used for causing such attack. However, National Transportation Safety Board officially did not announce the cause to be a terrorist activity (DailyMail, 2011). It was further noted that the plane’s vertical stabilizer as well as wheels separated during the flight. It fell into Jamaica Bay. The engines of the plane also separated during the flight. It fell various blocks north as well as east of the main wreckage location. It was because of the post crash fire that destroyed the plane completely. The A300-600 took off soon after the Japan Airlines Boeing 747-400 took off from the same runway. The first officer tried to maintain the plane standing with alternating belligerent rudder inputs. The strength of air was generally against the rudder that pressurised the vertical stabiliser and hence broke it off completely because of which the plane lost its control and crashed. According to the National Transportation Safety Board the huge stress upon the rudder was because of the first officer’s needless as well as unnecessary rudder input. It was not because of the wake turbulence led by 747. NTSB also stated the fact that first of ficer’s attempt at deterring to make use of additional inputs would have assisted in making the aircraft stabilised. The way in which the vertical stabiliser detached bothered investigators. According to

Feminist Therapy and Post-modern Approaches Essay Example for Free

Feminist Therapy and Post-modern Approaches Essay Feminist therapy (FT) arose in the 1960s as a result of women’s increasing awareness that discrimination resides in the way traditional psychology views female mental health. It was an attempt to enhance women’s autonomy and it was based on the integration of psychology and feminist theory. According to this theory, women form their identity through a perspective of constantly providing care for others at the expense of their own free will and initiative. This view represents the traditional gender role, which is not biologically determined but rather socially derived. FT emphasizes the principle of equality in all aspects’ of human experience. Its major tenet is that psychological difficulties arise from political and social causes, namely discriminative attitudes not only towards females but also towards ethnic, cultural, religious and sexual minorities (Landrine, 1995 Worell, 1997). FT attempts to provide care through a novel perspective which respects the patient’s wishes and needs instead of rigidly meeting societal expectations according to existing racial and sexist stereotypes. The client holds a central place in the treatment setting, and is encouraged to take initiative and guide the therapeutic process. The therapist is not viewed as an authority but as an equal partner, whose task is to educate and empower the patient. Therapists aim at demystifying the process of therapy in order to enhance clients’ sense of power and self-efficacy. In addition, they are particularly careful at avoiding power display in the therapy setting and may frequently use self-disclosure to restore equality and reciprocity in the therapeutic relationship (Worell, 1997). FT supports the idea that the client knows better than anyone what is best for him/her. Its main aim is to increase people’s awareness of internalized stereotypes and replace them with more realistic beliefs, to elaborate on issues of control and power and how they affect human experience and to enhance independent decision-making. Apart from gaining self-awareness and free choice, clients are also encouraged to actively participate in political and social groups, given that personal experiences are considered deeply political and personal evolution can arise only through social change (Landrine, 1995 Worell, 1997). The vast majority of feminist therapists and clients are women. However, it is a theory that hopes to address issues concerning both genders, ignoring any societal and cultural bias. The principles of FT are fruitfully applied in the field of physical and sexual abuse, eating disorders, body image distortions and issues of somatic health and reproduction. Commonly used techniques include gender-role analysis and intervention, power analysis and intervention, bibliotherapy, assertiveness training and self-disclosure (Landrine 1995, Worell, 1997). FT has provided new insights on managing mental health issues through a social and cultural perspective. It has fought prejudice in the practice of psychology, by adopting an egalitarian approach, regardless of gender, race, religious affiliation or sexual orientation and it has focused on the clients’ individual needs, strengths and wishes. The therapeutic context enhances collaboration and reciprocity and individuals are encouraged to become active members of their society in order to produce change. However, when placing too much value on cultural and social causes of mental disorders, there is the risk of ignoring the significance of personal factors and intrapsychic phenomena. When all psychological difficulties are considered to stem from the abuse of power and the effect of social prejudice and discrimination, then the individual fails to assume responsibility for his/her experience. In this way, true personal evolution may be sacrificed for the sake of social activism. In addition, the collaborative nature of the therapeutic process and the misuse of self-disclosure by feminist therapists may abolish professional and ethical boundaries and further damage the clients’ fragile psyche. Finally, this approach may prove extremely frustrating for people and cultures that place great emphasis on traditional societal roles. Post-modern Approaches Post-modern Approaches (PMA) evolved through the influence of post-modernism on the theory and practice of psychotherapy. Traditionally, philosophy and science have been dedicated to the conquest of the absolute truth. Post-modernism suggests that there is no such thing as objectivity and reality is constructed through language. In this view, mental illness is considered a social construct, originating from the dominating societal tendency to dichotomize and label all aspects of human experience (Boston, 2000). PMA, which include Solution-Focused Therapy, Narrative Therapy, and Social Constructionism, are client-centered. The therapist’s role is not to provide authority-driven solutions but to help the client develop a new communication and new interpretation of his/her experience. Contrary to traditional psychotherapeutic views, they do not focus on symptoms and their historical context but on the present and on clients’ strengths and wishes. Post-modern theories place great value on language as a way of creating reality and consequently as a tool to produce change (Boston, 2000 Walker, 2006). For example, in Solution-Focused Therapy, clients are encouraged to discuss goals for change and means by which this change can be achieved (Gingerich, 2000 Lethem, 2002). Likewise, in Narrative Therapy the explicit description of the presenting problem allows the client to see his/her difficulties as a matter of personal and societal interpretation, distinct from his self-identity, thus contributing to the formulation of a less dysfunctional narrative (Boston, 2000). Post-modern Therapy is based on the individual’s existing strengths and resources. It frequently uses the technique of exceptions by urging clients to contemplate on paradigms where their difficulties were not so prominent. In this way, it empowers clients and provides them with a glance to future change. Another common technique is coping questioning which reveals effective coping strategies already used by the client, when faced with his/her current problems. Problem-free discussion is also used to address non-problematic domains of the client’s experience and enhance his/her sense of self-efficacy and confidence (Gingerich, 2000 Lethem, 2002). PMA have been successfully used in eating disorders, substance abuse and relationships problems. Psychiatric patients, couples, youth and criminal offenders have benefit from their application. Their techniques, which focus on the person and not the diagnostic label, may enhance the therapeutic alliance and the development of empathy, both associated with better therapy outcomes (Lethem, 2002). Social Constructionism which suggests that mental illness is a social construct, a product of medical terminology, has contributed to fighting discrimination and stigma. However, it entails the risk of devaluating all achievements in the field of psychiatric research. In addition, the abolishment of the therapist’s authority may for some individuals produce a sense of insecurity and confusion. Finally, another major disadvantage is that the efficacy of Post-modern Therapy is hard to be scientifically evaluated. Both FT and PMA have challenged traditional views including the classical Christian axioms (Arlandson, 2010). Nevertheless, their emphasis on equality, empowerment hope and motivation for change, seems to be in agreement with the spirit of the Bible’s teachings. To my opinion, counsellors should take into consideration their clients’ needs, strengths and aspirations as both FT and PMA dictate. To be effective, the counselling process must focus on the present and the future instead of trying to unravel mysteries of the distal past. Although most clients come to therapy with certain difficulties, a significant therapeutic force regardless of the counsellor’s theoretical background is the development of an empathetic alliance which can provide a sense of self-efficacy to the client and hope for the future. References Landrine, H. (1995). Bringing cultural diversity to feminist psychology: Theory, research, and practice. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Worell, J. , Johnson, N. G. (Eds. ). (1997). Shaping the future of feminist psychology: Education, research, and practice. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. Boston, P. (2000). Systemic family therapy and the influence of post-modernism. Advances in psychiatric treatment, 6, 450-457. Walker, M. T. (2006). The Social Construction of Mental Illness and its Implications for the Recovery Model. International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation. 10 (1), 71-87 Lethem, J (2002). Brief Solution Focused Therapy. Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 7(4), 189-192. Gingerich, W. J. Eisengart, S, (2000). Solution-Focused Brief Therapy: A Review of the Outcome Research. Family Process, 39(4), 477-498. Arlandson, J. (2010). Postmodernism and the Bible: Introduction. The American Thinker, 2010.

law :: essays research papers

asdfadsfDave: Bad Doctor Obtained from: Kids in the Hall FAQ Dave: Wanna know something? I'm a bad doctor. I'm not boasting. I mean, who would? Just stating a fact that I've never really gotten the hang of the whole healing-the-sick thing. And don't interpret this as some sort of false modesty, please its not, its not like I’m weak in some areas. No, I'm homogeneously unqualified to practice medicine in any capacity. I *really* don't have a clue. And no one could be more shocked than me that I've been allowed to rise to a position of such importance and responsibility. I guess it all started in high school where I was a very bad science student. One day when we were supposed to be dissecting a frog, I accidentally disassembled my desk. Oh, but, you know, I was a popular kid. You know, the other students were always eager to help me out. So you know, during a test whenever I'd get that *confused* look on my face - which was invariably - well, the cheat notes would just start flying! Even the teachers would start whispering answers, you know, *ahem* mitochondria... But I didn't worry about it. I figured, how far could you coast on charm? Well, pretty far, actually! They just offered me the job of Chief of Surgery. Apparently, I've logged more hours in surgery than any other man my age. Four thousand hours this year alone. What no one seems to have noticed that it was all with the same patient. Oh I wanna show†¦. Oh, I want to show you something. You know what this is? Urine. Another man's urine, aonther man’s urine. I ask for it, and they give it to me! I don't know what to do with it! I've got a fridge full of this stuff. I mean, I suppose I could send it out to the lab, but they'd only send back a lot of test results that I couldn't possibly understand. The only thing I'm actually sorta good at is referrals. You know that thing where doctors send patients to other doctors. Well, I'm the king of referrals. What I do is I call the, uh, the sick person into my office, and I stare for a long time really seriously at this blank sheet of paper.

Learning foreign language Essay

Over the past two decades, countries in the world have become more and more interdependent and new technologies have erased many existing borders. So, learning English is very importance to economic development, Academic benefit to students, cultural understanding, expand relationships, and get better job. Learning Foreign Language Outline I. Introduction Thesis statement: Learning Foreign Language help learner have change to get better life. Learner can extend knowledge about many cultural in the world, get more relationships and good job. II. Economic development III. Academic benefits to student IV. Cultural understanding V. Expand relationships VI. Get better job VII. Conclusion Learning Foreign Language The Cause of Learning English Learning English is very important. English is a language which is spoken and understood by many people in most countries of the world. It is, in fact the most important means of communication among the various countries of the world. Knowledge of new discover ies and inventions in one country is transmitted to other countries through English for the benefit of the world. In this way English help to spread knowledge and progress. Learning English to economic development. To be competitive on a global scale, the business world of tomorrow needs individuals who can work in a culturally diverse environment and who have strong skills in a foreign language. Especially, is English. Additionally, many businesses are looking for people who are proficient in speak English. Such skills are needed in service industries (hotel, tourism, food); publishers and entertainment industries (films, radio, and sound production); corporate offices with overseas accounts; and also in other areas such as medicine, law, business, journalism, and more general government work. Knowing English provides a competitive edge in career choices in today’s and tomorrow’s world. The study of English affects academic areas as well. Research has shown that children who have studied English in elementary school achieve higher scores on standardized tests in reading, language arts, and mathematics than those who have not (Masciantonio, Rafferty). The results of the Louisiana Report on foreign language and basic skills (Rafferty) show that regardless of their race, sex, or academic level, students in English classes outperformed those who were not taking English. Learning English has also been shown to enhance listening skills and memory, and the development of second language skills can contribute a significant additional dimension to the concept of Learning Foreign Language communication. Furthermore, students who have studied English develop greater cognitive skills in such areas as mental flexibility, creativity, divergent thinking and higher order thinking skills (Foster and Reeves; Landry; Rafferty; Ginsburg and McCoy). Data from the Admissions Testing Program of the College Board show a positive correlation between SAT scores and the study of English. Verbal scores of students increased with each additional year of language study. Interestingly, the verbal scores of students who had taken four or five years of English were higher than the verbal scores of  students who had taken four or five years of any other subjects. Learning English to research and study about culture in the world. And due to the fact that you can be entertainment and learn about people, cultures in the world. Initial, that is traveling. Tourist places in the world is the dream, which is the joy of so many people, but the realization that the dream requires you to have many money and should also have a little others language anymore. Learning a language is to receive knowledge and, culture, cuisine, popular tourist destinations of the country †¦if you come to a place where you are completely ignorant of the native people, you will feel extremely helpless and lost yourself and it was rescheduled travel plan by just as much to cover costs . So try to learn a foreign language it is the lowest ticket prices for the cross-country trip. Cast, because of assess about literature, music and film in the world. All great work of literature and artistry in the world are written by many others language. One translation is never impact all the meaning and original of the author. Reading by the languages of authors is the best way to experience the writings. Like that, when you read their original forms of general theatre, music, film their values will be kept full. Primarily, a language enhance your understanding of the country and its culture. Henri Delacroix, painter and French Learning Foreign Language filmmaker said: â€Å"The whole experience of individuals is formed based on the language of the plan. â€Å"Knowing a language is a chance for you to see yourself and your country’s culture from outside. When contact with others languages, meaning that you have linked to a culture, customs and traditions and others. This gives you a good overview, complete and more objective about people, about life. â€Å"Language embodies the world view of a culture and is unique to the culture that created it. It reflects values and concepts that are deemed to be the most important by a culture. A language describes the culture it comes from.† (Noam Chomsky) â€Å"I wish life was not so short,† he thought. â€Å"Languages take such a time, and so do all the things one wants to know about.† J.R.R. Tolkien (1892-1973), English Professor & author of the â€Å"Hobbit† & â€Å"Lord of the Rings† Learning English to expand relationships people. They learn English and they may have many friends. Knowing a new language will help you to increase the number of friends in the world. In a new environment where have English, you can communicate, learn, get acquainted or exchange, to share with the locals or international students. Possibly, you can easily express their views or concerns about their problems and people do not have any difficulty to understand what you say and you think. You have many friends, so you will extend the view of communicating. Another language will be vent your feelings, and help you understand how other people think. Some people want to learn English to insult people without them understanding what you are say. In addition to, Language influences culture, so learning a language helps you to understand how other people think, and it also helps you to get a general understanding of our world and the many people and cultures that inhabit it. If you and some of your relatives, friends Learning Foreign Language or colleagues speak a language that few people understand, you can talk freely in public without fear of anyone eavesdropping, and you can keep any written material secret. And you can use native language to talk about secret communications. â€Å"Language is not a genetic gift, it is a social gift. Learning a new language is becoming a member of the club -the community of speakers of that language.† Frank Smith. English is not only the main language of business, but also the main language of social interaction. Although most countries have their own language, English is the one language that unites the entire world. Knowing English is the most important step towards becoming a global citizen – a person that can live anywhere, thrive anywhere, and speak to anyone. Would it not be amazing to overcome all communication barriers and be able to exchange thoughts and ideas with someone your age, or from your field of work, from say any native language? Forming lasting relationships, not only for business, but also for friendship or for love and globalization. If you want to joy in a social oganization like non-governmental oganization or charity oganization..  English is necessary. If you want to joy in social network like face book, twitter, email†¦ English is necessary. Learning English to get better job. Learning English is a good opportunity for those looking to advance their career. Whether you are currently employed or if you will be entering the workforce, learning English can improve your chances for getting a job and can also lead to career advancement for those of you already employed. Another perk to learning English is that you can use these skills to work abroad in other English speaking countries. In today’s world of multinational corporations, individuals from all around the world need to communicate and understand one another. In most companies, English is the primary means of communication. Because of this, many companies look to employ individuals who can speak one or more languages. Learning Foreign Language Whether you become fluent or bilingual in English, this may mean job security and more rewarding opportunities. There is no doubt that learning English is an advantage in today’s international society giving you the ability to communicate and do business all around the world! No matter what industry you are in, learning English for work will provide you with unlimited possibilities. In conclusion, if education is a means to prepare students for the complicated world they inhabit, then the educational system cannot deprive students of a general education in the area of foreign language. The value of such an education not only lies in job preparation but also in developing an understanding of other people and cultures. So, learning English is very important for everybody. Learning Foreign Language REFERENCES Chugani, H. (1993). â€Å"Reshaping Brain for Better Future.† As quoted in Chicago Tribune, April 15. Cohen, P. (1995). â€Å"Understanding the Brain.† Education Update. ASCD. Cooper, T. (1987). â€Å"Foreign Language Study and SAT Verbal Scores.† Modern Language Journal 71, pp. 381-387. Gingsburg, H. and McC oy, I. (1981). â€Å"An Empirical Rationale for Foreign Language in Elementary Schools.†Modern Language Journal 65, pp. 36-42. Hirsch, J. Quoted in Winslow, R. (1997). â€Å"How Language Is Stored in Brain Depends on Age.† Wall Street Journal, July 10. Krashen S. and M. Long et al. (1982). Child-Adult Differences in Second Language Acquisition. Rowley, Mass.: Newbury House. Olsen, S. A. and L.K. Brown (1992). â€Å"The Relation Between High School Study of Foreign Languages and ACT English and Mathematics Performance.† ADFL Bulletin 23, No. 3. Rafferty, E. A. (1986). Second Language Study and Basic Skills in Louisiana. Baton Rouge: Louisiana Department of Education. By : group 4 1. Tran Thi Thuy Hang 2. Nguyen Thi Hoa 3. Nguyen Thi Kieu Oanh 4. Lieu Thi Thuy 5. Tran Thi Hoai Thu 6. Le Thi Anh Tuyet 7. Hoang Thi Minh Phuong

Fuzzy Logic Algorithms for Minor Edge Detection

IntroductionThe early stages of vision fixing distinguish includes in images that are important to measuring the construction and belongingss of points in a scene. Edges are one such highlighted characteristics. Edges are notable nearby alterations in the image and are indispensable high spots for look intoing images. Edges normally occurs between two distinguishable boundary in a image. Edge location is much of the clip the initial stage in retrieving informations from images or images. Because of its significance, border find keeps on being a dynamic geographic expedition zone. Edge find refers to the process of distinguishing and happening crisp discontinuities in a image. The discontinuities are sudden alterations in pel power which characterize the bounds of objects in a scene. The indispensable border find system is to concentrate the degree of fluctuation between diverse pels by put to deathing edge-location operators for every small matrix country.Edges obtained from non-triv ial images are often hampered by discontinuity, connoting that the border decompression sicknesss are non associated, losing border subdivisions and false borders non associating to intriguing phenomena in the image, therefore perplexing the attendant undertaking of interpreting the image information. Edge location is one of the cardinal paces in image or image handling, image scrutiny, image design recognition, and PC vision systems. In Digital Image Processing there are typical schemes for border location like First Order Derivative ( gradiant method ) , Second-Order Derivative and Optimal Edge Detection to separate the border. The gradiant methods are utilised for image ascent or to better the inside informations shown in the image and these derivative operations can be utilized for location of borders present in the image.In our proposed work, Sobel border sensor and enhanced border sensor algorithm utilizing fuzzed logic is utilised to place borders of a given image. The pick o f Sobel border sensor algorithm is propelled by the echt actuality that it consolidates each border location moreover goes about as smoothing decision maker belongings.Fuzzy image processing is the assemblage of all methodological analysiss that comprehend, speak to and treat the images, their fragments and high spots as fuzzed sets. The representation and fixing rely on upon the fuzzed method and on the issue to be tackled. Fluzzy sets, so, are competent to bespeak imprecise constructs.1.1 LITERATURE SURVEYTo transport out any undertaking work it is really indispensable to understand the current scenario and the engineering virtues and demerits of the subject. In this context, literature study has been carried out to explicate the job and to take the aims of the undertaking work.Different border sensing techniques have been studied from the paper [ 1 ] .The writer G.T. Shrivakshan presents virtues and demerits of different border sensing methods like Sobel, Prewitt and Robert’s, Canny operator. From this treatment it is apparent that sobel border sensor is advantageous than other techniques. The execution of sobel border sensor in Xilinx is presented by writer Ravi.S et.al [ 2 ] . FPGA based design and execution of country efficient Sobel Edge sensing filter is presented utilizing a combination of hardware and package constituents Rajesh Mehra et.al [ 3 ] and in this paper pipelined method is used to implement the border sensing filter. This attack is utile to better the system public presentation. The execution of Sobel border sensor is presented by writers R. Vincent et.al [ 4 ] . Here a brace of3Ten3whirl masks is used, one gauging gradient in the x-direction and the other gauging gradient inY–direction in Matlab. And states that Sobel sensor is improbably sensitive to resound in images, it efficaciously highlights them as borders. Hence, Sobel operator is recommended in monolithic informations communicating found in informations transportation. The writers Kiranpreet Kaur et.al [ 5 ] studies the execution of fuzzy border sensing in MATLAB environment to observe the borders of an input image by scanning it throughout utilizing a 2X2 pel window. The consequences of the implemented algorithm has been compared with the criterion border sensing algorithm such as ‘Canny’ , ‘Sobel’ , ‘Prewit’ and ‘Roberts’ . The fuzzy regulation based image processing algorithm for observing the borders in the image, based on the alterations in the grey values is presented by writers C. Kavitha et.al [ 6 ] . Gray values of the image are taken as the input of the fuzzy system and a floating mask of 3Ãâ€"3 is applied on the image to observe border pel utilizing the preset fuzzy regulations. The execution of fuzzed logic to observe the borders in MATLAB is presented by writers Er.Mandeep Singh Sandhu et.al [ 7 ] .Edges are detected in horizontal, perpendicular and in diagonal waies utilizing 5X5 pel window. And it besides presents different advantages and disadvantages of fuzzed logic. The consequences of the implemented algorithm has been compared with the criterion border sensing algorithm such as ‘Sobel’ and ‘Roberts’ . 1.2 PROBLEM FORMULATION From the literature study it has been observed that there are issues of false border find, losing genuine borders, making slender or thick lines and issues because of noise and so on. So fuzzed logic has been used for minor border sensing in the image and besides fuzzed logic algorithm helps to get the better of the false border detected by the sobel border operator.The MATLAB executing of typical border locater has been done before nevertheless from literature study it has been observed that there is drawback of immense computation clip. So to suppress the issue the proposed algorithm is implemented in XILINX.1.3 AimThe chief aims of the undertaking work that are to be carried out are as followsTo plan and implement the sobel border sensor and enhanced border sensor algorithm utilizing fuzzed logic in Matlab.To plan and implement the sobel border sensor and enhanced border sensor algorithm utilizing fuzzed logic in Xilinx.To cipher the SNR, PSNR, RMSE of sobel border sensor and enha nced border sensor algorithm utilizing fuzzed logic.To cipher the country and hold of sobel border sensor and enhanced border sensor algorithm.1.4MethodologyLiterature Survey to be carried out on border sensor algorithm in Xilinx. Survey includes surveies on different border sensing techniques and different algorithms.To develop the sobel border sensor and enhanced border sensor algorithm utilizing fuzzed logic in Matlab and Xilinx.Using Xilinx package calculates the country and hold of sobel border sensor and enhanced border sensor algorithm to be implemented.Comparing the border images of Sobel and implemented enhanced border sensor algorithm utilizing fuzzed logic.Calculating the SNR, PSNR, RMSE of sobel border sensor and enhanced border sensor algorithm utilizing fuzzed logic.1.5 TOOLS REQUIRED1.5.1 Software Requirementsi‚ · Matlab ( 7.10 )Xilinx1.5.2 Hardware RequirementSpartan 3E1.6ApplicationsUsed in satellite images edge sensing. Satellite images consist of many char acteristics and objects with different forms and size. Edge sensing helps to pull out utilize full information.Used in medical images edge sensing for object acknowledgment of the human variety meats.Grape leaf disease sensing and analysis.Bettering image quality.Egg shell defects sensing on white eggs.1.7 ADVANTAGESAn advantage of using a bigger size sobel mask is that the mistake because of the impacts of noise are decreased by vicinity averaging inside of the country of the mask.An favourable place of using a mask of uneven size is that the operators are focused and hence can supply an rating that is based on Centre pel.Fuzzy techniques can cover with the ambiguity and vagueness proficiently.Fuzzy logic is tolerant of unsure informations.1.8 DISADVANTAGESMinor strength fluctuations in grey scale images can non be detected utilizing sobel operators.Sobel operator detects false borders along with true borders.1.9 ORGANIZATION OF REPORT This study consists of 5 chapters and mentions. Chapter 1:Presents the Introduction, Literature study, Problem preparation, Objectives, Tools required, Methodology, Applications, Advantages, Disadvantages and eventually the Project study organisation. Chapter 2:Provides brief theory about the undertaking. Chapter 3:Presents the inside informations about execution of sobel operator in matlab. Chapter 4:Provides the consequences and treatments of undertaking. Chapter 5:Provides the decisions and future work about the undertaking. Mentions:Provides sufficient mentions relevant to the undertaking for easy apprehension of the capable affair and some of the beginnings used in development.

The Definition of a C Algorithm

The Definition of a C Algorithm In general, an algorithm is a description of a procedure that terminates with a result. For example, the factorial of a number x is x multiplied by x-1 multiplied by x-2 and so on until it is multiplied by 1. The factorial of 6 is 6! 6 x 5 x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1720. This is an algorithm that follows a set procedure and terminates in a result. In computer science and programming, an algorithm is a set of steps used by a program to accomplish a task. Once you learn about algorithms in C, you can use them in your programming to save yourself time and to make your programs run faster. New algorithms are being designed all the time, but you can start with the algorithms that have proven to be reliable in the C programming language. Algorithms in C In C, the designation identifies a group of functions that run on a designated range of elements. The algorithms are used to solve problems or provide functionality. Algorithms work exclusively on values; they dont affect the size or storage of a container. Simple algorithms can be implemented within a  function. Complex algorithms might require several functions or even a class to implement them. Classifications and Examples of Algorithms in C Some algorithms in C, such as find-if, search, and count are sequence operations that dont make changes, while remove, reverse, and replace are algorithms that modify operations. The classifications of algorithms with a few examples are: Non-modifying sequence modifications (find-if, equal, all_of)Modifying sequence operations (copy, remove, transform)Sorting (sort, partial sort, nth_element)Binary Search (lower_bound, upper_bound)Partitions (partition, partition_copy)Merge (includes, set_intersection, merge)Heap (make_heap, push_heap)  Min/max (min, max,min_element)   A list of the most common C algorithms and example code for many of them are available online in C documentation and on user websites.

How to Ask for a Paper Extension in College

How to Ask for a Paper Extension in College The deadline for your college paper is fast approaching perhaps a little too fast.  You need to turn it in a little late, but you dont know how to ask for a paper extension in college. Follow these simple steps and give yourself the best shot possible. Try to ask for the extension in person. This may be impossible if you realize you need an extension at 2:00 a.m. on the morning the paper is due or if youre sick. However, asking your professor or teaching assistant for an extension in person is the best way to go. You can have more of a conversation about your situation than if you just left an email or voice mail message. If you cant meet in person, send an email or leave a voice mail as soon as possible. Asking for an extension after the deadline has passed is never a good idea. Get in touch with your professor or TA as soon as possible. Explain your situation. Try to focus on the following aspects of your situation: Make sure youre respectful of your professors or TAs schedule and time. If you know he or she is going on vacation 5 days after the original due date, try to turn your paper in before he or she leaves (but with enough time for them to finish grading it before they depart). Why do you need (vs. want) an extension?What have you done so far? (Show youve at least made an effort instead of simply left the assignment to the last minute.)What would you like your new deadline to be? Have a back-up plan in case your extension isnt granted. You may think your request is completely warranted; your professor or TA, however, may not. You may have to just suck it up and finish your assignment as soon as possible, even if its not as good as you had hoped. Its better to finish a not-so-great paper than to not turn something in. If, however, you feel like your situation really warrants some understanding (because of a medical or family situation, for example), you can always talk to your dean of students for additional support.

Trevor comes to see the doctor Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Trevor comes to see the doctor - Assignment Example With time, the production of insulin becomes insufficient, leading to similar symptoms as type 1 Diabetes, which may be either gradual or asymptomatic. The patient is 61years and he has lived in Sydney for most of his life until he was 50 years, when he decided to relocate to his rural place. He leads a sedentary lifestyle and he has not undertaken physical exercises since he was a teenager. In addition, he faces the problem of lacking proper and healthy diet at home, mainly because he does not have a choice of the food he eats but has to accept what his wife prepares for him; occasionally, she provides him with steak and chips from fast food outlets. Risk factors he is involved in include heavy smoking, sedentary lifestyle, and having no control on his diet. The exercise regime is poor, although he admits taking brisk walks at home under pressure from his partner, a ritual that he does not enjoy due to physical discomfort of the exercise and lacks of endurance. He was once asked to be tested for diabetes type 2 but he declined. The physical assessment reveals raised blood pressure and blood sugar while lung field sounds are compro mised but can be heard. Other vital signs tested included heart rate, respiratory rate, temperature, and oxygen, which are normal routine checks for his clinical presentation. The initial results from physical assessments make the doctor to order further test for serum cholesterol and fasting blood to confirm the diagnosis. Investigation reveals raised serum cholesterol and a high fasting blood sugar, which points to the indication of Ischemic Heart Disease and Type 1 Diabetes. From the initial assessment, the patient’s lifestyle predisposed him to the risks of the diseases. The physical exam revealed that the patient could not endure resistance exercise, smokes heavily, and has never been mindful of his diet. Random blood sugar is abnormal, and the vital respiratory signs are

Management Principles of Pursuit of Happiness Term Paper

Management Principles of Pursuit of Happiness - Term Paper Example In any business, money is the language people speak, even in the business of families. When money is not smooth-flowing, members of a company or family could break apart, leaving broken relationships. This is a common mistake made by the untrained or novice businessman, foreseeing a great future in a business without making careful studies of the feasibility of an enterprise before investing in it. In the case of Gardner, he bought all the machines he could and though he worked hard to sell them compounded with good communication skills, he still lost his wife. However, serendipities could happen when perseverance is present as seen in the life of Gardner when his selling of the machines led him to places which brought him to the success in stockbrokerage. Gardner proved to have keen eyes for success when he looked enviously at a stockbroker’s car and asked him what he did and how he did it, showing qualities that are essential to successful management. He was not only observa nt but he had a way of expressing himself without reservations, he had good communication skills. Honesty was one he could have never thought would be the very key for his having a chance in his dream job as it is shown in his confession to the interviewers that he tried to make up a great story why he went to the interview dressed like a garbage man. Although choosing appropriate clothes is as important as the product in every business, Gardner was able to persuade his interviewers that he could do the job by selling himself first, his abilities and capabilities. Although he was a leader of a basic unit of society, his family; he seemed to be unsuccessful managing it, failing to keep his wife to work with him in their pursuit of the happiness they both longed for. Despite the trials they have been through, he stood to the discipline of never hitting a woman or leaving his son, borne of a desperate need for the father he never knew. This became his personal motivation, to stay with his son and not give him the chance to have a piece of the abuse he experienced in the hands of his stepfather when he was a child, and to work hard to give his son the care he needed as his wife left them for New York. Birthed from such a need, the high-paying job of a stockbroker became to him a challenge and a motivation as he had the opportunity to grab the job, with it not needing a college diploma to qualify as an applicant. Crossing the bridge to take the training as a stockbroker became painfully difficult when he learned that the six-month long training is without pay. Faced with the dilemma of raising his son alone, he had to stand firm, making sacrifices to be able to accomplish every task that was set before him. This is where Gardner’s planning and strategic management skills became evident when he had to work while training and at the same time attending to his parental responsibilities. He managed his time pretty well, studying in the train and working while ta king his leisure time with his son, juggling his various responsibilities and making wise use not only of his time but also of all resources available to him. Moreover, when he was in the training scene, Mr. Witter became one of his motivations, praising him for his wit and hard work, driving him all the more to be productive. He was a natural strategic planner, valuing every tick of the clock so that he even estimated an eight minute productive time he had, from refraining to drink, and hanging in between calls. He was a team-player,